Mattr

tobias.looker@mattr.global

Self-Issued Consulting

michael_b_jones@hotmail.com https://self-issued.info/

SEC cose COSE JOSE This document describes how to include CBOR Web Token (CWT) claims in the header parameters of any CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE) structure. This functionality helps to facilitate applications that wish to make use of CWT claims in encrypted COSE structures and/or COSE structures featuring detached signatures, while having some of those claims be available before decryption and/or without inspecting the detached payload. Another use case is using CWT claims with payloads that are not CWT Claims Sets, including payloads that are not CBOR at all.

Status of This Memo This is an Internet Standards Track document. This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved for publication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 7841. Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at .

Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2024 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents () in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.

Table of Contents

• .  Introduction
  • .  Requirements Terminology
• .  Representation
• .  Privacy Considerations
• .  Security Considerations
• .  IANA Considerations
• .  References
  • .  Normative References
  • .  Informative References
• Acknowledgements
• Authors' Addresses

Introduction In some applications of COSE, it is useful to have a standard representation of CWT claims available in the header parameters. These include encrypted COSE structures, which may or may not be an encrypted CWT, and/or those featuring a detached signature. Another use case is using CWT claims with payloads that are not CWT Claims Sets, including payloads that are not CBOR at all. For instance, an application might want to include an "iss" (issuer) claim in a COSE_Sign1 structure when the payload being signed is a non-CBOR data structure, such as a bitmap image, and the issuer value is used for key discovery. , "JSON Web Token (JWT)", defined a similar mechanism for expressing selected JWT-based claims as JSON Object Signing and Encryption (JOSE) header parameters. This JWT feature was motivated by the desire to have certain claims, such as the Issuer value, be visible to software processing the JWT, even though the JWT is encrypted. No corresponding feature was standardized for CWTs, which was an omission that this specification corrects. Directly including CWT claim values as COSE header parameter values would not work, since there are conflicts between the numeric header parameter assignments and the numeric CWT claim assignments. Instead, this specification defines a single header parameter registered in the IANA "COSE Header Parameters" registry that creates a location to store CWT claims in a COSE header parameter. This specification does not define how to use CWT claims and their semantics for particular applications, whether they are in the COSE payload or the CWT Claims header parameter, or both. Therefore, understanding how to process the CWT Claims header parameter requires unambiguously knowing the intended interpretation. The necessary information about this MAY come from other header parameters. Unless there already is a natural way of providing this information at an appropriate level of integrity protection and authentication, a RECOMMENDED way to include this information in the COSE structure is use of the "typ" (type) Header Parameter . Other methods for determining the intended interpretation MAY also be used. Recipients of the CWT Claims header parameter MUST NOT use the information in the CWT Claims header parameter beyond the integrity protection or authentication afforded to the CWT Claims header and the information used to derive its intended interpretation.

Requirements Terminology The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.

Representation This document defines the following COSE header parameter:

Name	Label	Value Type	Value Registry	Description	Reference
CWT Claims	15	map	map keys in	Location for CWT Claims in COSE Header Parameters	of RFC 9597

The following is a non-normative description for the value type of the CWT claim header parameter using CDDL . CWT-Claims = { * Claim-Label => any } Claim-Label = int / text In cases where CWT claims are present both in the payload and the header of a CWT, an application receiving such a structure MUST verify that their values are identical, unless the application defines other specific processing rules for these claims. It is RECOMMENDED that the CWT Claims header parameter only be used in a protected header to avoid the contents being malleable. The header parameter MUST only occur once in either the protected or unprotected header of a COSE structure. The CWT Claims header parameter MAY be used in any COSE object using header parameters, such as COSE_Sign objects. Its use is not restricted to CWTs.

Privacy Considerations Some of the registered CWT claims may contain privacy-sensitive information. Since CWT claims in COSE headers are not encrypted, when privacy-sensitive information is present in these claims, applications and protocols using them should ensure that these COSE objects are only made visible to parties for which it is appropriate for them to have access to this sensitive information.

Security Considerations Implementers should also review the security considerations for CWT, which are documented in . As described in , if the COSE payload is transported separately ("detached content"), then it is the responsibility of the application to ensure that it will be transported without changes. The reason for applications to verify that CWT claims present in both the payload and the header of a CWT are identical, unless they define other specific processing rules for these claims, is to eliminate potential confusion that might arise by having different values for the same claim, which could result in inconsistent processing of such claims. Processing information in claims prior to validating that their integrity is cryptographically secure can pose security risks. This is true whether the claims are in the payload or a header parameter. Implementers must ensure that any tentative decisions made based on previously unverified information are confirmed once the cryptographic processing has been completed. This includes any information that was used to derive the intended interpretation of the CWT claims parameter.

IANA Considerations IANA has registered the new COSE header parameter "CWT Claims" defined in in the "COSE Header Parameters" registry .

References Normative References IANA IANA In many standards track documents several words are used to signify the requirements in the specification. These words are often capitalized. This document defines these words as they should be interpreted in IETF documents. This document specifies an Internet Best Current Practices for the Internet Community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. RFC 2119 specifies common key words that may be used in protocol specifications. This document aims to reduce the ambiguity by clarifying that only UPPERCASE usage of the key words have the defined special meanings. CBOR Web Token (CWT) is a compact means of representing claims to be transferred between two parties. The claims in a CWT are encoded in the Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR), and CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE) is used for added application-layer security protection. A claim is a piece of information asserted about a subject and is represented as a name/value pair consisting of a claim name and a claim value. CWT is derived from JSON Web Token (JWT) but uses CBOR rather than JSON. This specification adds the equivalent of the JSON Object Signing and Encryption (JOSE) "typ" (type) header parameter to CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE). This enables the benefits of explicit typing (as defined in RFC 8725, "JSON Web Token Best Current Practices") to be brought to COSE objects. The syntax of the COSE type header parameter value is the same as the existing COSE content type header parameter. Informative References JSON Web Token (JWT) is a compact, URL-safe means of representing claims to be transferred between two parties. The claims in a JWT are encoded as a JSON object that is used as the payload of a JSON Web Signature (JWS) structure or as the plaintext of a JSON Web Encryption (JWE) structure, enabling the claims to be digitally signed or integrity protected with a Message Authentication Code (MAC) and/or encrypted. This document proposes a notational convention to express Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR) data structures (RFC 7049). Its main goal is to provide an easy and unambiguous way to express structures for protocol messages and data formats that use CBOR or JSON. Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR) is a data format designed for small code size and small message size. There is a need to be able to define basic security services for this data format. This document defines the CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE) protocol. This specification describes how to create and process signatures, message authentication codes, and encryption using CBOR for serialization. This specification additionally describes how to represent cryptographic keys using CBOR. This document, along with RFC 9053, obsoletes RFC 8152.

Acknowledgements We would like to thank , , , , , , , , , and for their valuable contributions to this specification.

Authors' Addresses Mattr

tobias.looker@mattr.global

Self-Issued Consulting

michael_b_jones@hotmail.com https://self-issued.info/