The Technical center of Internet, LLC

8 marta St., 1, Bldg. 12 Moscow 127083 Russian Federation bmakarenko@tcinet.ru

JSC "NPK Kryptonite"

Spartakovskaya Sq., 14, Bldg. 2 Moscow 105082 Russian Federation vdolmatov@gmail.com

This document describes how to produce digital signatures and hash functions using the GOST R 34.10-2012 and GOST R 34.11-2012 algorithms for DNSKEY, RRSIG, and DS resource records, for use in the Domain Name System Security Extensions (DNSSEC).

Status of This Memo This document is not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is published for informational purposes. This is a contribution to the RFC Series, independently of any other RFC stream. The RFC Editor has chosen to publish this document at its discretion and makes no statement about its value for implementation or deployment. Documents approved for publication by the RFC Editor are not candidates for any level of Internet Standard; see Section 2 of RFC 7841. Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at .

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Table of Contents

• .  Introduction
  • .  Terminology
• .  DNSKEY Resource Records
  • .  Using a Public Key with Existing Cryptographic Libraries
  • .  GOST DNSKEY RR Example
• .  RRSIG Resource Records
  • .  RRSIG RR Example
• .  DS Resource Records
  • .  DS RR Example
• .  Operational Considerations
  • .  Key Sizes
  • .  Signature Sizes
  • .  Digest Sizes
• .  Implementation Considerations
• .  IANA Considerations
• .  Security Considerations
• .  References
  • .  Normative References
  • .  Informative References
• Acknowledgments
• Authors' Addresses

Introduction The Domain Name System (DNS) is the global, hierarchically distributed database for Internet Naming. The DNS has been extended to use cryptographic keys and digital signatures for the verification of the authenticity and integrity of its data. RFC 4033 , RFC 4034 , and RFC 4035 describe these DNS Security Extensions, called DNSSEC. RFC 4034 describes how to store DNSKEY and RRSIG resource records and specifies a list of cryptographic algorithms to use. This document extends that list with the signature and hash algorithms GOST R 34.10-2012 () and GOST R 34.11-2012 (), and it specifies how to store DNSKEY data and how to produce RRSIG resource records with these algorithms. GOST R 34.10-2012 and GOST R 34.11-2012 are Russian national standards. Their cryptographic properties haven't been independently verified. Familiarity with DNSSEC and with GOST signature and hash algorithms is assumed in this document. Caution: This specification is not a standard and does not have IETF community consensus. It makes use of a cryptographic algorithm that is a national standard for Russia. Neither the IETF nor the IRTF has analyzed that algorithm for suitability for any given application, and it may contain either intended or unintended weaknesses.

Terminology The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.

DNSKEY Resource Records The format of the DNSKEY RR can be found in RFC 4034 . GOST R 34.10-2012 public keys are stored with the algorithm number 23. According to RFC 7091 , a GOST R 34.10-2012 public key is a point on the elliptic curve Q = (x, y). The wire representation of a public key MUST contain 64 octets, where the first 32 octets contain the little-endian representation of x and the second 32 octets contain the little-endian representation of y. As RFC 6986 and RFC 7091 allow two variants of the length of the output hash and the signature and many variants of parameters of the digital signature, for the purpose of this document we use the 256-bit variant of the digital signature algorithm, corresponding with the 256-bit variant of the digest algorithm. We select the parameters for the digital signature algorithm to be id-tc26-gost-3410-2012-256-paramSetA as specified in RFC 7836 ; this document refers to it as "parameter set A".

Using a Public Key with Existing Cryptographic Libraries At the time of this writing, existing GOST-aware cryptographic libraries are capable of reading GOST R 34.10-2012 public keys via a generic X.509 API if the key is encoded according to RFC 9215 . To make this encoding from the wire format of a GOST R 34.10-2012 public key with the parameters used in this document, prepend the 64 octets of key data with the following 30-byte sequence: 0x30 0x5c 0x30 0x17 0x06 0x08 0x2a 0x85 0x03 0x07 0x01 0x01 0x01 0x01 0x30 0x0b 0x06 0x09 0x2a 0x85 0x03 0x07 0x01 0x02 0x01 0x01 0x01 0x03 0x41 0x00 These bytes provide the following ASN.1 structure suitable for parsing by cryptographic toolkits: 0 92: SEQUENCE { 2 23: SEQUENCE { 4 8: OBJECT IDENTIFIER '1 2 643 7 1 1 1 1' 14 11: SEQUENCE { 16 9: OBJECT IDENTIFIER '1 2 643 7 1 2 1 1 1' : } : } 27 65: BIT STRING The OIDs in the structure above represent a GOST R 34.10-2012 public key with a 256-bit private key length and parameter set A. The structure itself represents SubjectPublicKeyInfo field of an X.509 certificate as defined in RFC 5280

GOST DNSKEY RR Example Given a private key with the following value: Private-key-format: v1.2 Algorithm: 23 (ECC-GOST12) Gost12Asn1: MD4CAQAwFwYIKoUDBwEBAQEwCwYJKoUDBwECAQEBBCD/Mw9o6R5lQHJ13 jz0W+C1tdsS4W7RJn04rk9MGJq3Hg== The following DNSKEY RR stores a DNS zone key for example: example. 600 IN DNSKEY 256 3 23 ( XGiiHlKUJd5fSeAK5O3L4tUNCPxs4pGqum6wKbqjdkqu IQ8nOXrilXZ9HcY8b2AETkWrtWHfwvJD4twPPJFQSA== ) ;{id = 47355 (zsk), size = 512b} The private key here is presented in PrivateKeyInfo ASN.1 structure, as described in RFC 5958 . The public key can be calculated from the private key using algorithm described in RFC 7091 .

RRSIG Resource Records The value of the signature field in the RRSIG RR follows RFC 7091 and is calculated as follows. The values for the RDATA fields that precede the signature data are specified in RFC 4034 . hash = GOSTR3411-2012(data) where "data" is the wire format data of the resource record set that is signed, as specified in RFC 4034 . The signature is calculated from the hash according to GOST R 34.10-2012, and its wire format is compatible with RFC 7091 .

RRSIG RR Example Consider a given RRset consisting of one MX RR to be signed with the private key described in of this document: example. 600 IN MX 10 mail.example. Setting the inception date to 2022-10-06 12:32:30 UTC and the expiration date to 2022-11-03 12:32:30 UTC, the following signature RR will be valid: example. 600 IN RRSIG MX 23 1 600 20221103123230 ( 20221006123230 47355 example. EuLO0Qpn6zT1pzj9T2H5AWjcgzfmjNiK/vj811bExa0V HMOVD9ma8rpf0B+D+V4Q0CWu1Ayzu+H/SyndnOWGxw== ) The GOST R 34.10-2012 signature algorithm uses random (pseudorandom) integer k as described in RFC 7091. The following value for k was used to produce the signature example. k = 8BBD0CE7CAF3FC1C2503DF30D13ED5DB75EEC44060FA22FB7E29628407C1E34 This value for k MUST NOT be used when computing GOST R 34.10-2012 signatures. It is provided only so the above signature example can be reproduced. The actual signature value will differ between signature calculations.

DS Resource Records The GOST R 34.11-2012 digest algorithm is denoted in DS RRs by the digest type 5. The wire format of a digest value is compatible with RFC 6986 .

DS RR Example For Key Signing Key (KSK): example. IN DNSKEY 257 3 23 ( p8Req8DLJOfPymO5vExuK4gCcihF5N1YL7veCJ47av+w h/qs9yJpD064k02rYUHfWnr7IjvJlbn3Z0sTZe9GRQ== ) ;{id = 29468 (ksk), size = 512b} The DS RR will be: example. IN DS 29468 23 5 ( 6033725b0ccfc05d1e9d844d49c6cf89 0b13d5eac9439189947d5db6c8d1c1ec )

Operational Considerations

Key Sizes The key size of GOST R 34.10-2012 public keys conforming to this specification MUST be 512 bits according to RFC 7091 .

Signature Sizes The size of a GOST R 34.10-2012 signature conforming to this specification MUST be 512 bits according to RFC 7091 .

Digest Sizes The size of a GOST R 34.11-2012 digest conforming to this specification MUST be 256 bits according to RFC 6986 .

Implementation Considerations The support of this cryptographic suite in DNSSEC-aware systems is OPTIONAL. According to RFC 6840 , systems that do not support these algorithms MUST ignore the RRSIG, DNSKEY, and DS resource records associated with the GOST R 34.10-2012 digital signature algorithm.

IANA Considerations The following entry has been added to the IANA registry for "DNS Security Algorithm Numbers":

Number	Description	Mnemonic	Zone Signing	Trans. Sec.	Reference
23	GOST R 34.10-2012	ECC-GOST12	Y	*	RFC 9558

The following entry has been added to the IANA registry for "Digest Algorithms" in the "Delegation Signer (DS) Resource Record (RR) Type Digest Algorithms" registry group:

Value	Description	Status	Reference
5	GOST R 34.11-2012	OPTIONAL	RFC 9558

Security Considerations It is recommended to use a dual KSK algorithm signed zone until GOST-aware DNSSEC software becomes more widespread, unless GOST-only cryptography is to be used. Otherwise, GOST-signed zones may be considered unsigned by the DNSSEC software currently in use. Like all algorithms, it is possible that a significant flaw could be discovered with GOST R 34.11-2012. In that case, deployments should roll over to another algorithm. See RFC 7583 on the timing of such changes.

References Normative References In many standards track documents several words are used to signify the requirements in the specification. These words are often capitalized. This document defines these words as they should be interpreted in IETF documents. This document specifies an Internet Best Current Practices for the Internet Community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. This document describes how to produce RSA/SHA1 SIG resource records (RRs) in Section 3 and, so as to completely replace RFC 2537, describes how to produce RSA KEY RRs in Section 2. [STANDARDS-TRACK] The Domain Name System Security Extensions (DNSSEC) add data origin authentication and data integrity to the Domain Name System. This document introduces these extensions and describes their capabilities and limitations. This document also discusses the services that the DNS security extensions do and do not provide. Last, this document describes the interrelationships between the documents that collectively describe DNSSEC. [STANDARDS-TRACK] This document is part of a family of documents that describe the DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC). The DNS Security Extensions are a collection of resource records and protocol modifications that provide source authentication for the DNS. This document defines the public key (DNSKEY), delegation signer (DS), resource record digital signature (RRSIG), and authenticated denial of existence (NSEC) resource records. The purpose and format of each resource record is described in detail, and an example of each resource record is given. This document obsoletes RFC 2535 and incorporates changes from all updates to RFC 2535. [STANDARDS-TRACK] This document is part of a family of documents that describe the DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC). The DNS Security Extensions are a collection of new resource records and protocol modifications that add data origin authentication and data integrity to the DNS. This document describes the DNSSEC protocol modifications. This document defines the concept of a signed zone, along with the requirements for serving and resolving by using DNSSEC. These techniques allow a security-aware resolver to authenticate both DNS resource records and authoritative DNS error indications. This document obsoletes RFC 2535 and incorporates changes from all updates to RFC 2535. [STANDARDS-TRACK] This document is a collection of technical clarifications to the DNS Security (DNSSEC) document set. It is meant to serve as a resource to implementors as well as a collection of DNSSEC errata that existed at the time of writing. This document updates the core DNSSEC documents (RFC 4033, RFC 4034, and RFC 4035) as well as the NSEC3 specification (RFC 5155). It also defines NSEC3 and SHA-2 (RFC 4509 and RFC 5702) as core parts of the DNSSEC specification. This document is intended to be a source of information about the Russian Federal standard hash function (GOST R 34.11-2012), which is one of the Russian cryptographic standard algorithms (called GOST algorithms). This document updates RFC 5831. This document provides information about the Russian Federal standard for digital signatures (GOST R 34.10-2012), which is one of the Russian cryptographic standard algorithms (called GOST algorithms). Recently, Russian cryptography is being used in Internet applications, and this document provides information for developers and users of GOST R 34.10-2012 regarding digital signature generation and verification. This document updates RFC 5832. This document describes the issues surrounding the timing of events in the rolling of a key in a DNSSEC-secured zone. It presents timelines for the key rollover and explicitly identifies the relationships between the various parameters affecting the process. The purpose of this document is to make the specifications of the cryptographic algorithms defined by the Russian national standards GOST R 34.10-2012 and GOST R 34.11-2012 available to the Internet community for their implementation in the cryptographic protocols based on the accompanying algorithms. These specifications define the pseudorandom functions, the key agreement algorithm based on the Diffie-Hellman algorithm and a hash function, the parameters of elliptic curves, the key derivation functions, and the key export functions. RFC 2119 specifies common key words that may be used in protocol specifications. This document aims to reduce the ambiguity by clarifying that only UPPERCASE usage of the key words have the defined special meanings. Informative References This document specifies how to use the SHA-256 digest type in DNS Delegation Signer (DS) Resource Records (RRs). DS records, when stored in a parent zone, point to DNSKEYs in a child zone. [STANDARDS-TRACK] This memo profiles the X.509 v3 certificate and X.509 v2 certificate revocation list (CRL) for use in the Internet. An overview of this approach and model is provided as an introduction. The X.509 v3 certificate format is described in detail, with additional information regarding the format and semantics of Internet name forms. Standard certificate extensions are described and two Internet-specific extensions are defined. A set of required certificate extensions is specified. The X.509 v2 CRL format is described in detail along with standard and Internet-specific extensions. An algorithm for X.509 certification path validation is described. An ASN.1 module and examples are provided in the appendices. [STANDARDS-TRACK] This document describes how to produce digital signatures and hash functions using the GOST R 34.10-2001 and GOST R 34.11-94 algorithms for DNSKEY, RRSIG, and DS resource records, for use in the Domain Name System Security Extensions (DNSSEC). [STANDARDS-TRACK] This document defines the syntax for private-key information and a content type for it. Private-key information includes a private key for a specified public-key algorithm and a set of attributes. The Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS), as defined in RFC 5652, can be used to digitally sign, digest, authenticate, or encrypt the asymmetric key format content type. This document obsoletes RFC 5208. [STANDARDS-TRACK] This document describes encoding formats, identifiers, and parameter formats for the GOST R 34.10-2012 and GOST R 34.11-2012 algorithms for use in the Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). This specification is developed to facilitate implementations that wish to support the GOST algorithms. This document does not imply IETF endorsement of the cryptographic algorithms used in this document.

Acknowledgments This document is a minor extension to RFC 4034 . Also, we tried to follow the documents RFC 3110 , RFC 4509 , and RFC 5933 for consistency. The authors of and contributors to these documents are gratefully acknowledged for their hard work. The following people provided additional feedback, text, and valuable assistance: , , , , and .

Authors' Addresses The Technical center of Internet, LLC

8 marta St., 1, Bldg. 12 Moscow 127083 Russian Federation bmakarenko@tcinet.ru

JSC "NPK Kryptonite"

Spartakovskaya Sq., 14, Bldg. 2 Moscow 105082 Russian Federation vdolmatov@gmail.com